Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 2,377 Low Income caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8053 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and November 05, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 8.84% are Black/African American, 18.12% are LatinX, and 29.52% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 1155.33 < .001
20k-40k 1252.56 < .001
40k-60k 65.14 < .001
60k-80k 315.97 < .001
80k-100k 217.47 < .001
100k-150k 344.44 < .001
150k-200k 133.24 < .001
200k+ 122.25 < .001

Poverty

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 1.48 .224
Became Unemployed 14.35 < .001
Stable Employed 379.36 < .001
Stable Other 90.97 < .001
Stable Unemployed 157.54 < .001

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 35.7 < .001
Latinx 35.7 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 422.74 < .001
Single parent 422.74 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.5 41.38 47.89 -10.14 < .001 4409.82 -7.76 -5.25 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .268
work_status < .001 < .001
single .007 < .001
age .005 .593
race_ethnic < .001 .074

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.16 39.49 44.64 -6.39 < .001 4587.25 -6.74 -3.57 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-8.72 26.86 35.58 -11.71 < .001 4308.55 -10.18 -7.26 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.71 52.96 59.67 -8.09 < .001 4634.24 -8.33 -5.08 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.42 46.23 51.65 -7.63 < .001 4444.49 -6.81 -4.03 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.66 37.02 42.68 -7.62 < .001 4499.18 -7.11 -4.2 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.83 49.55 55.38 -6.73 < .001 4671.74 -7.53 -4.13 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.42 24.49 29.92 -6.23 < .001 4362.37 -7.13 -3.72 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.28 12.67 10.39 4.53 < .001 4748.72 1.29 3.27 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .268
work_status < .001 < .001
single .489 < .001
age .118 .593
race_ethnic .008 .074

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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## [[2]]$work_status

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## [[3]]$race_ethnic

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
3.06 12.11 9.05 4.53 < .001 5038 1.73 4.38 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.93 10.11 8.18 3.3 .001 4712.74 0.78 3.07 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.27 16.47 14.21 2.92 .004 4714.25 0.74 3.79 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.27 16.47 14.21 2.92 .004 4714.25 0.74 3.79 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.28 10.04 10.33 -0.44 .657 4561.12 -1.54 0.97 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.09 12.51 12.42 0.11 .911 4663.38 -1.48 1.66 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.48 7.62 8.1 -0.66 .511 4629.82 -1.92 0.96 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food -0.3419331 -21.545412 < .001 1712.8520
house -0.3567976 -22.827404 < .001 1798.9081
utilities -0.4114142 -28.405309 < .001 2302.2506
healthcare -0.1533276 -9.194847 < .001 1004.3291
social -0.2552187 -15.237782 < .001 1063.7108
emotional -0.2620156 -15.626450 < .001 1090.0073
childcare -0.1768234 -10.647255 < .001 984.8498
other -0.1229837 -8.843407 < .001 746.8424

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers